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3,976,652 RADlO AND TELEVI'SIGN PRGRAM SELECEENG, AND 'UME 0F USE RECRDENG Thomas A. Banning, Er., 552i) South Shore Drive,

Chicago, Ill. Filed July 16, 1956, Ser. No. 597,950 59 Claims. (Cl. SWS- 5.1)

This invention relates lto improvements in radio and television program selecting, and time of use recording. A prime object of the invention relates to means to produce a continuous record of the use of the radio or television receiver, showing times when such receiver is in use. In this connection it is -a further object to provide a recording unit which shall be capable of not only making a record of the times of use'of the receiving equipment, but the station to which such receivers from time to time are tuned is continuously recorded. Analysis of such recording then makes it possible to distribute the time of use among various stations which may have been tuned by such receiver. A further purpose satisfied by this feature 1s the continuous provision of accurate recordings of the times of day of all uses with distribution of such uses among all of the stations to which the receiver was tuned, showing the time of day of each such tuning. Such stations would generally be those broadcasting in the general locality where such receiver was located.

A further important feature of the invention relates to provision for discriminating between programs which may be, for convenience here termed as ordinary programs,l and other programs here for convenience termed as special programs. When provision is made for ensuring payment for such special programs, such provision may be of one or several kinds. A simple provision is the use of a coin or control box located near the receiver and interconnected to the receiver circuitry in such manner that actuation of such coin or control box is necessary by insertion of the proper coin or coins, or tokens, or lother coin or control or release element into such control box to enable reception of the preselected special program. Another arrangement contemplates the provision of means such that when the desired special program is to be received a secretary or authorized person at a remote control point such as a central station shall so set circuits that such program may be received. Other arrangements contemplate the use of punched cards, special key cards or the like into the receiver or an ancillary unit, and various arrangements have been produced relating to this general scheme. Various of the embodiments of my present invention hereinafter to be described are such that whenever a program is being emitted from the broadcasting station to which the receiver is tuned an intelligible reception may be produced by the receiver even without the actuation of the pre-pay or control unit, but of a quality less desirable than can be produced from the signals being emitted by such broadcasting sta-tion when a pre-pay or other payment arrangement is made to receive such higher quality program. In Letters Patent of the United States, No. 2,755,334, issued to me Iuly 17, 1956, I have disclosed and claimed vario-us arrangements of receiver by which it is possible to obtain a color emitted signal program reception selectively in either monochrome or true colors at the selection of the operator of such receiver and as a fully intelligible and non-scrambled reception in either case; and in this connection I have also disclosed and claimed in such Letters Patent arrangements in connection with the operator selecting means. Various of the recording arrangements presently to be disclosed herein may be used in connection with the features disclosed in or covered by that Letters Patent. Therefore I have herein disclosed combination arrangements includ- 3,070,652 Patented Dec. 25, 1962 ing such previous forms of selective reception in combination with the recording equipment by which a time distribution may be made of all uses of the receiver, including reception of each such special program in its higher or more desirable quality form-for example in color instead of monochrome, when the signals are being emitted from the broadcasting station for such color or higher quality reception.

In connection with the foregoing it is emphasized that the recording arrangements herein disclosed produce a record of use vs. time of use without discriminations between such uses generally and those which are based on the pre-pay operation fail to provide the means to distribute receipts received from the pre-pay operations between various broadcasting stations emitting the pre-pay yor special programs. Accordingly, in the absence of provision of means to produce a recording of the uses with distribution of such uses between various broadcasting stations or their sponsors no means is available to distribute the pre-payment receipts properly between those persons or organizations entitled to participate in such prepayments, I have herein disclosed recording arrangements capable of producing the desired distribution of times of use not only between various broadcasting stations, but also to discriminate between pre-pay uses .and non-pre-pay uses in a manner to enable the productions of the desired accounting operations. The means herein disclosed to effect such recordings are fully automatic and produce the desired records without special operations on the part of the operator or other person beyond the simple operations needed to bring the pre-pay programs into use.

A further feature and object of the invention is yto provide arrangements by which, when a radio or a television program is being emitted all of the foregoing operations may be ensured with reception by the receiver on either the ordinary or the special order of reception and with production of an intelligible and acceptable translation of the received signals in either selected reception. rThat is, these features of the invention enable recept-ion of the program in either its ordinary or its special order of reproduction, and in either case such reproduction will be an intelligible and acceptable one, as distinguished from a mere scrambled or non-intelligible translation in either case. Thus the operator of the receiver is provided with the means to make a choice between two or more grades of reception or translation of the emitted program, .one or more of which grades will be on the non-pre-pay or charge basis. Such arrangements are to be clearly diiierentiated from those previously known arrangements under which the received signals are scrambled or otherwise rendered unintelligible, when the pre-pay or charge arrangement is not made, and in which the pre-pay or charge operation serves to render the reception intelligible. Various arrangements capable of producing these effects and choices now for the first time available are disclosed in the aforesaid Letters Patent No. 2,755,334, but such disclosures therein made do not include the means to eiect recordings such as already referred to herein.

A further and important object of the present invention is to provide arrangements whereby presently equipped and operating broadcasting stations may be enabled to effect sending of the needed signals to enable reception and translation of such signals to eiect the operations hereinafter disclosed. When it is necessary t0 effect changes in the sending equipment for the foregoing purposes such changes are of a minor nature, and can be effected in the equipment of the broadcasting station at small cost and without serious interference with current broadcasting operations. In this connection I have also herein disclosed an arrangement wherein and whereby it is possible to effect the desired discrimination and change of reception between either the ordinary or the special grade of 3 such reception without any changes whatsoever at the broadcasting station and merely by provision of suitable means in the receiver itself.

Since many broadcasting stations are presently equipped to emit signals for color translation at the receiver it is evident that in the absence of some modification of the sending equipment and the signals a television receiver which is equipped with means to receive and translate such color emitted signals can do so without prepay if he so desires. It is a further and important feature of the present invention to make provision fo-r preventing intelligible reception of such color emitted program, in color, by a slight change in or addition to the equipment of the broadcasting station, while at the same time enabling the operator of the receiver to receive such program in monochrome or otherwise as a lower or ordinary grade of reception, and as a fully intelligible and acceptable and non-scrambled reception and without having to make the pre-pay operation or corresponding operation of accountancy.

A further object of the invention relates to the provision of arrangements to enable reception of a radio pro-gram, so called, as distinguished from a television program, on a basis of either of two grades of reception and translation, one of which shall be of the pre-pay type, and the other one non-pre-pay or not requiring payment at some time.

In the drawings:

FIGURE 1 shov/s schematically a system of broadcasting signals for color reception on the three dot color array principle, with means at the sending station to reverse the order of emission of the three colors when a special program is to be broadcast, together with a three electron gun receiver which normally receives the color signals in their conventional order, so that when such reversed order signals are emitted by the sending station they will be received in improper order of the colors and thus an incorrect color translation will be produced, together with a reversing switch at the receiver to bring the order of color translation into harmony with the order of signal emission, such receiver switch being controlled by the pre-pay unit or by remote control; and this figure also shows schematically a recorder by which all uses of the receiver will be recorded in proper station relationship, and also by which the use of the special program reception will be time recorded against the proper sending stations;

FIGURE 2 shows schematically an arrangement similar to that of FIGURE 1; but in the arrangement of FIGURE 2 the receiver is provided with a single electron gun together with means to shift the electron beam in circular or wave motion to bring it succesively into registry with the three color dots of each array; and in this figure the sending station is provided with a reversing switch to reverse the order of the emitted color signals so that incorrect color reception will occur at the receiver in the absence of corresponding reversal of the direction of circular or wave movement of the electron beam of such receiver, together with a reversing switch in the receiver which is controlled by the pre-pay unit or by remote control t produce correct color translation by the receiver;

FIGURE 3 shows schematically a system of broadcasting signals for color reception on the three color dot array principle, with means at the sending station to inject into the emitted signals a control frequency signal, preferably of super-sonic frequency so that it will not atleet the audible signals translated by the audio system of the receiver, and the three gun receiver is provided with a cutout switch for its three electron guns so as to kill the reception when such switch is opened; together with a frequency responsive circuit tuned to respond to the special frequency signal and deliver an actuating current to the aforesaid switchs operating means and thus kill the reception, and with means under control of a prepay unit or remote control to restore the switch to its closed position when pre-pay has been made, or when the remote control is properly operated; together with a recorder to record the use against time corresponding to various emitted station programs, and with further provision to make a record of the uses corresponding to the received spe `al programs;

FIGURE 4 shows schematically an arrangement similar to that of FIGURE 3; but in the present embodiment the switch of the receiver serves when in closed position to tie all three of the receivers electron guns together so that all color signals are delivered to all three such electron guns to produce a monochrome reception without pre-pay or remote control; and this arrangement is such that when pre-pay or remote control is made such switch is opened to allow the three electron guns to function individually according to normal color reception;

FIGURE 5 shows schematically an arrangement including the three electron gun receiver, together with audio reception in the receiver and audio emission by the ending station; and this arrangement includes provision for injecting into the emitted signals an audio frequency note such as, for example a 500 cycle/sec. signal which will then produce an objectionable noise during the reception, together with an inverter arrangement to blank out the effects of such note signal when pre-pay or remote control is made; together with the recorder means already referred to in connection with other embodiments of the invention;

FIGURE 6 shows schematically an arrangement including a three color lineated receiver screen and a three electron gun receiver arrangement; together with means at the sending station to reverse the order of emission of the three color signals so that in the absence of correction of the order of reception of the signals at the receiver incorrect color effects will be produced in the receivers screen; together with a reversing switch in the receiver to reverse the order of electron gun excitation, to thus restore reception to a correct or er of colors, and pre-pay or remote control means to effect reversal by such switch when pre-pay or remote control operation is made; together with the recorder means already referred to in connection with other embodiments of the invention;

FIGURE 7 shows schematically an arrangement including a single electron gun receiver with means to shift its beam in circular or wave fashion, and including a three color lineated screen to whose lines the electron beam is progressively directed for color reception; and this figure shows the sending station as being provided with switch means to reverse the order of emission of the color signals, and the receiver is provided with a corresponding corrective switch to reverse the order of progress of the electron beam during its rotary or wave-like movements; together with pre-pay or remote control means to effect reversal of the receivers switch when pre-pay or remote control is effected, and thus to restore correctness of color reception by the receiver; and this tigure also shows a recorder embodying the features already referred to in connection with other figures;

FIGURE 8 shows schematically an arrangement of receiver embodying a color lineated screen and a single electron gun, the screen or the kinescope including such screen being rotatable through one hundred eighty degrees, so that the order of color scanning (bv horizontal deflections of the electron beam) will be different when such screen is thus rotated from the order of color scanning when the screen is unrotated; together with means at the sending station to reverse the order of color signals emisssion; the reversal o-f the receiver screen by the aforesaid rotation bringing such screen into correct color sequence with the sequence of color signals emitted by the sending station; and this arrangement includes switching means to disable the electron gun when the receiver screen is thus rotated, together with pre-pay or remote control means to make ineffective such disabling means when the pre-pay or remote control operation is produced; and this 

